Smith (Eds.), International relations theories: Discipline and diversity (2nd ed.). Varieties of realism: Thucydides and Machiavelli. Annual Review of Political Science, 4, 391–416.įorde, S. Taking stock: The constructivist research program in international relations and comparative politics. International norm dynamics and political change. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 12, 205–235.įinnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. Kant, liberal legacies, and foreign affairs. Swords into plowshares: The problems and progress of international organization. Reus-Smit (Eds.), Theories of international relations (3rd ed.). Handbook of International Relations, 2, 112–144.īurchill, S. Constructivism in international relations: Sources, contributions, an debates. Centre for International Studies, Oxford University.Īdler, E. The limitations of mainstream international relations theories for understanding the politics of forced migration, 27. Anarchy is what states make of it: The social construction of power politics. The false promise of international institutions. Constructivists draw attention to the salience of norms and ideas in international relations. Constructivism is predicated on the assumption that all social underpinnings are constructed rather than preordained concomitants of human nature or international politics.
The concept of structural realism postulates that state behavior is determined by the structure of the international system and that the anarchic structure of this system makes countries more prone to seek relative gains to ensure their survival. They maintain that individual freedom leads to rational choices, that rational decisions preserve freedom, and that, ultimately, this cycle is a contributing factor to the achievement of progress in international relations. Liberal scholars emphasize the importance of reason, liberty, and progress, and see these attributes as mutually beneficial concerning all states. The preeminent inference of realist theory is that violent conflict is inevitable as states seek to maximize their power and minimize the risks associated with the international environment. Identifying the main attributes of these theories as well as the key thinkers in this milieu will be the primary aim of this chapter. The relevance of the major international relations theories has been a matter of much debate throughout the last 25 years, with the discourse having been divided mainly between (neo)liberal and (neo)realist thought. International relations theories attempt to explain and extrapolate possible outcomes with regard to policy issues, foreign policy decisions, war propensity and animosity between states as well as the structure of the international system.
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